Glioma is a common type of brain tumor. Current treatment for glioma includes surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and tumor-treating fields. The application of immunotherapy to treat glioma is still far from satisfactory in the clinic. Here, we review the mechanisms of immunotherapy for glioma (including immune checkpoint inhibitor, chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell, tumor vaccine, and oncolytic virus) and the results of completed clinical trials, and will discuss the current status of immunotherapy and possible future directions.

Glioblastoma is the most common malignant tumor in the adult primary central nervous system. It has a strong proliferative ability, high recurrence rate, and high malignant degree. Despite standard radiotherapy combined with temozolomide chemotherapy, the prognosis was poor, with a 5-year survival of <10%. Therefore, more effective treatments need to be explored. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted the attention of researchers because of their unique targeting, safety, and antitumor effects. OV therapy has achieved remarkable efficacy in the treatment of many kinds of malignant tumors, and it has also made great progress in the treatment of glioblastoma. This article reviews the recent clinical research progress of OVs in the treatment of glioblastoma.